
Living History
Gallery
Photographs from the Sergeant Rawhide collection, gathered by Perry W. James: World War I archival material, Ebony Doughboys living-history presentations, monuments, museum exhibits, and memorabilia connected to the story of Black soldiers in World War I, including the 371st Infantry Regiment and Sergeant Perry Loyd.
Open the PhotographPhoto of the day
Today’s photograph
Chosen by the calendar, the same for every visitor. Tomorrow it changes.
Historical Archive
Archival photograph. Original caption: "Colored Officers in Training at Camp Dodge, Desmoines, Iowa. Group No. 1."
More from Historical Archive
Three more photographs from the same category as today’s.
Historical Archive
Original World War I-era photographs and publication pages documenting Black American soldiers.
One at a time
Each press shows one photograph from Historical Archive, in an order set by today’s date.

Archival portrait. Sgt. Perry "Rawhide" Loyd's family identifies this soldier as Sgt. Loyd himself.…
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Archival portrait. Sgt. Perry "Rawhide" Loyd's family identifies this soldier as Sgt. Loyd himself. His service file was destroyed in the 1973 fire at the National Personnel Records Center, so no record survives to match a photograph against; the identification is the family's own and is recorded here as theirs.

Archival World War I photograph of seven soldiers, helmets on, posed outdoors in front of a canvas…
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Archival World War I photograph of seven soldiers, helmets on, posed outdoors in front of a canvas backdrop.

Archival publication page. Original caption: "Group of Officers of the 370th. Reading from Left to…
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Archival publication page. Original caption: "Group of Officers of the 370th. Reading from Left to Right, Top: 1st Lt. Norman Garrett; Capt. John H. Patton, 2nd Batt. 1st Lt. Michael Browning, Machine Gun No. 2. Center: Capt. Spencer C. Dixon, Med. Corps; Major Charles H. Hunt, 2nd Battalion; Capt. Libburn Jackson, Machine Gun No. 2. Bottom: 1st Lt. Robt. C. Chavis; 1st Lt. Benote H. Lee; 2nd Lt. Frank Corbin, all of the 370th Infantry (formerly old 8th Illinois)."

Archival photograph. Original caption: "Colored Officers in Training at Camp Dodge, Desmoines, Iowa.…
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Archival photograph. Original caption: "Colored Officers in Training at Camp Dodge, Desmoines, Iowa. Group No. 1."

Archival World War I-era photograph of a large group of soldiers, uncaptioned.

Archival World War I-era photograph, uncaptioned.

Archival studio portrait of a soldier and a woman, uncaptioned.

Archival portrait with printed biography. Original text: "Born in Kansas City, Missouri in 1890,…
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Archival portrait with printed biography. Original text: "Born in Kansas City, Missouri in 1890, Vernon Coffey served as a member of the 93rd division in France during World War I. Coffey would distinguish himself as a soldier, fighting for the French on behalf of the United States. In 1918 Coffey was awarded the Croix de Guerre for bravery. At the end of the war, Coffey would return to Kansas City, Kansas, where he became a preacher at First African Methodist Episcopal Church."

Archival publication portrait. Original caption: "Lieut. R. Q. Venson, Military Instructor at Camp…
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Archival publication portrait. Original caption: "Lieut. R. Q. Venson, Military Instructor at Camp Grant."

Archival photograph of a flag presentation to a family, uncaptioned.

Archival photograph of soldiers aboard a troop ship, uncaptioned.

Archival photograph, uncaptioned.

Archival photograph of a mixed group at a wooded camp, uncaptioned.

Archival studio portrait, uncaptioned.

Archival Keystone View Company stereoview card. Original caption: "Uncle Sam Provides for Comfort of…
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Archival Keystone View Company stereoview card. Original caption: "Uncle Sam Provides for Comfort of His Soldiers. Colored Troops En Route to France Taking Train Rest at Railway Division Point."
Keystone View Company (printed credit)

Archival studio portrait, uncaptioned.

Archival studio portrait, uncaptioned.

Archival studio portrait, uncaptioned.

Archival photograph of a camp mess line, uncaptioned.

Archival photograph of a group with a seated elder, uncaptioned.

Archival photograph, uncaptioned.

Archival group photograph, uncaptioned.

Archival publication portrait. Original caption: "2nd Lt. Jas. L. Horace, Intel. Officer, 365th…
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Archival publication portrait. Original caption: "2nd Lt. Jas. L. Horace, Intel. Officer, 365th Inf."

Archival publication portrait. Original caption: "1st Lt. Clayborne George."

Archival publication photograph. Original caption: "Group of 369th Colored Infantry with their War…
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Archival publication photograph. Original caption: "Group of 369th Colored Infantry with their War Crosses. One hundred and sixty-nine men of this regiment (old 15th N.Y.) won valor medals. They were nicknamed 'Hell Fighters.' Top: Fred Rogers. Lower row: George Chapman, Lawrence McVey, Isaac Freeman. Upper row: Wm. Bunn, Herbert Mills, Hugh Hamilton, Clarence Johnson."
Press Illustrating Service (printed credit, partially legible)

Archival publication portrait. Original caption: "Capt. T. N. Dent."

Archival photograph, uncaptioned.

Archival publication page. Original caption: "Top, Left to Right: 1st Lt. Ewell W. Clarke, Asst.…
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Archival publication page. Original caption: "Top, Left to Right: 1st Lt. Ewell W. Clarke, Asst. Personnel Adjutant Hdq. Staff, 92nd Div. 1st Lt. Almando Henderson, 367th Inf. 1st Lt. F. S. Upshur, 350th F.A. Center, Left to Right: 2nd Lt. R. D. Hardaway, 367th Inf. Capt. Aaron Day, Jr., 317th Am. Tr. 2nd Lt. A. M. Watson, 350th Mchn. Gun Bat. Below, Left to Right: 2nd Lt. Scott A. Moyer, 349th F.A.; 2nd Lt. Wm. F. Grady, 368th Inf., and 2nd Lt. Walter W. Scott, 368th Inf., who was gassed at the Argonne Forest in an attack on Binarville."

Archival publication photograph; the original caption for this clipping is not visible in the source…
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Archival publication photograph; the original caption for this clipping is not visible in the source scan.

Archival photograph, uncaptioned.

Archival photograph, uncaptioned.

Archival photograph of a wounded soldier greeting a crowd, uncaptioned.

Colorized historical photograph, uncaptioned.

Archival photograph, uncaptioned.

Archival studio portrait, uncaptioned.
Living History and Reenactment
Modern photographs of Ebony Doughboys living-history presentations and reenactment events.
One at a time
Each press shows one photograph from Living History and Reenactment, in an order set by today’s date.

Ebony Doughboys members at an award ceremony, believed to be the occasion of the Congressional…
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Ebony Doughboys members at an award ceremony, believed to be the occasion of the Congressional Veterans Braintrust Award pictured elsewhere in this gallery.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors on a living-history trip to Europe.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors on a European street.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors in trench positions at a living-history event.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors in a dug trench at a living-history event.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors marching between camp positions.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors in a firing-line position at a living-history event.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors in formation at a living-history event.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors at a camp rest area during a living-history event.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors gathered on a wooded path.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors on the move at a living-history event.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors and fellow living-history participants at a large trench scenario.

An Ebony Doughboys reenactor at a living-history event.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors resting in a trench position.

Close portrait of an Ebony Doughboys reenactor.

Close portrait of an Ebony Doughboys reenactor.

Close portrait of an Ebony Doughboys reenactor, shown with a vintage-style photo filter applied.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors seated in a trench, shown with a vintage-style photo filter applied.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors and fellow living-history participants at a dugout position.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors at a dugout entrance at dusk.

An Ebony Doughboys reenactor, shown with a vintage-style photo filter applied.

Close portrait of an Ebony Doughboys reenactor.

An Ebony Doughboys reenactor in an action scenario at a living-history event.

An Ebony Doughboys reenactor resting in a trench position.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors in conversation at a living-history event.

An Ebony Doughboys reenactor at a no-man's-land scenario.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors at a trench position.

A view through a sandbagged loophole at a living-history trench site.

An Ebony Doughboys reenactor at rest in a trench.

An Ebony Doughboys reenactor moving through a trench.

Ebony Doughboys reenactors posed at a living-history trench site.
Monuments and Memorials
Present-day photographs of memorials in the United States and France.
One at a time
Each press shows one photograph from Monuments and Memorials, in an order set by today’s date.

A memorial monument visited during a battlefield trip, location not confirmed in the source…
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A memorial monument visited during a battlefield trip, location not confirmed in the source material.

A memorial obelisk, location not confirmed in the source material.

A visitor at a memorial monument, location not confirmed in the source material.
Exhibits and Displays
Museum cases and preserved sites documenting African American WWI service.
One at a time
Each press shows one photograph from Exhibits and Displays, in an order set by today’s date.

Museum display case. Placard text: "AFRICAN AMERICAN SOLDIERS. America was fighting to make the…
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Museum display case. Placard text: "AFRICAN AMERICAN SOLDIERS. America was fighting to make the world safe for democracy, but African Americans at the time endured severe discrimination, at home and in the armed forces, where they served in segregated units. While they made up only a tenth of the civilian population, African Americans accounted for 13 percent of the armed forces in 1918. Many were assigned to the 92nd and 93rd divisions. Others served in pioneer infantry, engineers and in labor and transport battalions. Soldiers of the 93rd Division were assigned to the French army soon after they arrived in France. Their services on the battlefield earned them 68 Croix de Guerre and 24 Distinguished Service Crosses."

Museum display case. Placard text: "WW I BUFFALO SOLDIER. Uniform of Corporal Lemuel Russell,…
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Museum display case. Placard text: "WW I BUFFALO SOLDIER. Uniform of Corporal Lemuel Russell, Vincennes. Russell was one of the thousands of African-Americans who served the country in WWI. Corp. Russell remained in the Army after WWI and remembered with pride his assignment to look after General MacArthur's horse during his service in the pre-war Philippines. Corp. Russell's uniform exhibits the distinctive patch of the buffalo soldier." A nearby photo caption identifies "Aaron Richard Fisher."

Museum display case detail: a garrison cap, dog tags, and helmet, shown with the same "African…
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Museum display case detail: a garrison cap, dog tags, and helmet, shown with the same "African American Soldiers" placard transcribed elsewhere in this gallery.

Museum wall display. The framed roster reads: "THE ROLL OF HONOR, ROSTER, MACHINE GUN COMPANY 45th…
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Museum wall display. The framed roster reads: "THE ROLL OF HONOR, ROSTER, MACHINE GUN COMPANY 45th U.S. INFANTRY, FORT BENJAMIN HARRISON, IND." A nearby poster reads: "Keep them smiling, this home is helping our boys over there, UNITED WAR-WORK CAMPAIGN."

A preserved or reconstructed trench and dugout site, unpopulated.
Ephemera
Certificates, artwork, documents, and other memorabilia from the collection.
One at a time
Each press shows one photograph from Ephemera, in an order set by today’s date.

Certificate text: "It is our great honor to present this certificate to Ebony Doughboys. On this,…
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Certificate text: "It is our great honor to present this certificate to Ebony Doughboys. On this, the Fourteenth day of September, in the Year Twenty Eighteen, we salute the Thirtieth Anniversary of the Veterans Braintrust with the valued contributions of advocates for African American veterans. Today we pay tribute to efforts made on behalf of World War I, World War II, Korean, Vietnam, Gulf, Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans, their Families and Supporters. We are proud to present this Veterans Braintrust Award as a symbol of appreciation and gratitude for service to America's veterans." Signed by Eddie Bernice Johnson, Sanford B. Bishop Jr., and Anthony G. Brown, Members of Congress.
September 14, 2018

A project T-shirt. Legible printed text: "370TH ... INFANTRY" on a red banner (the middle word is…
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A project T-shirt. Legible printed text: "370TH ... INFANTRY" on a red banner (the middle word is not legible in the photograph) and "UNBREAKABLE BOND PROJECT, BELGIUM 2018" below it.
2018

Illustrated remembrance poster, titled "A Poppy Is to Remember."

Cover of the documentary "Men of Bronze: The Black American Heroes of World War I," a film by…
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Cover of the documentary "Men of Bronze: The Black American Heroes of World War I," a film by William Miles and Men of Bronze, Inc. Printed quote, attributed to Melville T. Miller: "We were the first troops to march into enemy territory, Alsace-Lorraine, a beautiful place, and as we marched into this particular town, the people were cheering. And that day the sun was shining, and we were marching, and the band was playing, everybody's heads high, and we were all proud to be Americans, proud to be black, and proud of being the New York 15th Infantry."

Painted illustration, inscribed "C. Clarke, Bugler, 15th New York Infantry, Champagne 1918," signed…
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Painted illustration, inscribed "C. Clarke, Bugler, 15th New York Infantry, Champagne 1918," signed Raymond Desvarreux.
1918 (depicted); artwork undated · Raymond Desvarreux (signed)

American Expeditionary Forces Identity Card. Printed fields read: Rank "Captain, 366th Inf."; Duty…
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American Expeditionary Forces Identity Card. Printed fields read: Rank "Captain, 366th Inf."; Duty "Supply Co., 366th Inf." The handwritten surname is legible as "Jones"; the given name is written in cursive script this session could not confidently read.

World War I draft registration card of Perry Loyd, dated June 5, 1917. Handwritten entries read:…
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World War I draft registration card of Perry Loyd, dated June 5, 1917. Handwritten entries read: name "Perry Loyd"; age "22"; home "Sumter R.F.D. 3, S.C."; date of birth "May 15, 1895"; born "Claremont, S.C."; occupation "Saw mill"; single; signed by his mark. The registrar's report records the Spring Hill precinct in Lee County and carries the stamp of the Local Board for the County of Lee, Bishopville, S.C. The card records his registration; it does not record whether he was later drafted.
June 5, 1917 · WWI Selective Service registration card, National Archives record (M1509); copy supplied by the family, 2026
Story progress: 3 of 5, The Photographs
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Perry W. James IV
A grandson spent years recovering this story. Meet the man who accepted the Purple Heart on the family’s behalf.


